U.S. Indo-Pacific policy combines alliances, deterrence, economic security and regional diplomacy amid competition with China.

Understand the English School view of international society, order and justice in an anarchic world of sovereign states.

Hard power is coercive influence that makes resistance costly or makes accepting a demand materially useful in military and economic bargaining.

Understand how the IAEA promotes the peaceful use of nuclear technology and uses safeguards and inspections to check for signs of diversion to military purposes.

China’s foreign policy protects party rule and national development while seeking greater security in Asia and a stronger Chinese voice in global governance.

Neoclassical Realism explains the foreign policy of states by combining pressures from the international system with perceptions, institutions, and state capacity.

A deadly week of youth-led unrest after a social-media ban forced the Nepalese prime minister to resign.

Israel’s new push into Gaza City deepens an already dire humanitarian collapse.

Canberra backs a UN plan linking recognition to reforms, aid, and civilian protection in Gaza.